We applied latent variable models for factor analysis of ordinal/categorical data to a 42-item version of Ryff's psychological well-being scales administered to women aged 52 in a UK birth cohort study (n = 1,179). Ryff has proposed a multidimensional model of psychological well-being and her questionnaire items are widely used but their latent structure and factorial validity remains contentious. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.Investigations of the structure of psychological well-being items are useful for advancing knowledge of what dimensions define psychological well-being in practice. Using Ryff's scales of psychological well-being in adolescents in mainland ChinaĪn open access version is available from UCL Discovery Given the evidence, it was suggested that future adolescent studies should seek to develop more age-specific and context-appropriate items for a better operationalisation of Ryff's theoretical model of psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the present study echoed a number of previous studies which reported inadequate reliability and validity of Ryff's scales. High factor correlations were identified between the sub-scales of environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth. However, the goodness-of-fit of the six-factor model was hardly acceptable. Among the models under examination, the six-factor model had better model fit than the hierarchical model and the one-factor model. The factorial structure of the SPWB was not as clear-cut as the theoretical framework suggested. RESULT: Results showed that five of the six sub-scales had acceptable internal consistency of items, except the sub-scale of autonomy. The data was used to examine the reliability and construct validity of the adapted SPWB. 772 adolescents (365 boys to 401 girls, 6 missing gender data, mean age = 13.65) completed the adapted 33-item SPWB. METHOD: The Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB) were adapted for assessing the psychological well-being of adolescents in mainland China. The present study aimed to explore whether Ryff's six-factor model of psychological well-being could be applied in Chinese adolescents. However, previous studies reported inconsistent findings of the reliability and validity of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB).
Ryff's six-factor model of psychological well-being potentially provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for investigating positive functioning of adolescents. Gao_Using Ryff's scales of psychological well-being in adolescents in mainland China_VoR.pdfīACKGROUND: Psychological well-being in adolescence has always been a focus of public attention and academic research.
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